Communities of all sorts - whether in Malpais or in London - use similar methods to enforce conformity and so promote social stability.

Whether dressed in rough wool or shiny viscose, Huxley reveals, people are still people, open and vulnerable to powerful suggestion. In both worlds, music can suspend inhibition and drive people to unity and to action (recall, for example, Bernard's Solidarity Service). Lenina finds the incessant drumming very familiar - just like a lower-caste community sing - and her recognition draws attention to the underlying similarities between civilized and uncivilized worlds. The reader should note Huxley's careful description of the flagellation ritual, a religious ceremony to ensure a good food crop. As an object of blasphemy and revulsion, Linda represents enormous power, one that Bernard will use in a later chapter to regain his position, just as he will use Linda's son, John, to improve his social standing. (Note, for example, the similarity between the names 'Lenina' and 'Linda.') Linda's unspeakable fate - to become a mother and to grow old - is nothing less than a horror, an obscenity, really, to a Fordian mind. Lenina faces these facts most dramatically in her meeting with Linda, who seems her mirror-double, the woman she might have been under different circumstances. But in Malpais, the pains of birth and death exist and endure unconquered - still the essential facts of human life. Fordian London is so clean that birth and old age have been swept away entirely, like germ-producing bacteria. In fact, 'Civilization is Sterilization' underscores most of Lenina's experience in the Reservation. Here, on the Savage Reservation, age changes people unchecked by chemicals and hormones women give birth and breastfeed their babies and the natural process of decay produces sights and smells that appall the sensitive Lenina. In one sense, Malpais represents the opposite of the rest of the dystopia, an 'uncivilized' place against which the reader - as well as tourists Bernard and Lenina - can gauge the imagined progress of the 'civilized' world. In this chapter, Huxley opens another part of his dystopian world - the Savage Reservation - contrasting it implicitly and explicitly with the world of London, where the rest of the novel is set.

She has spent much of her life on the Reservation, she explains, where she gave birth to her son, John, the young savage. The young savage introduces them to Linda - a 'very stout blonde squaw,' who tells Lenina and Bernard her strange story of being abducted by the Indians. Strangely, too, the young man speaks like a character from Shakespeare and tells them that his mother - Linda - comes from the 'Other Place.' When he also mentions that his father was named 'Tomakin,' Bernard connects this young man with the D.H.C.'s visit to the Reservation. This wild dance ends with a coyote-masked shaman whipping a young man until he collapses - a blood sacrifice to bring the rain and make the corn grow.Īfter this bloody spectacle, Bernard and Lenina meet a straw-haired, blue-eyed young man dressed - incongruously, it seems - as an Indian. In quick succession, she and Bernard witness old age in the figure of an ancient Indian, Indian mothers nursing their babies, and a hedonistic ritual dance that fuses Christian and Indian religion. Lenina soon discovers that she has forgotten her soma, so she must experience the Indian village of Malpais as an unmedicated reality. With their Indian guide, Bernard and Lenina enter the Savage Reservation.

Sparknotes brave new world chapter 8